![]() Although it is often associated with scoliosis, it is generally felt that the curvature does not result in pain. When scoliosis begins in adolescence, patients may have some back pain, typically in the low back area. The curve of the spine does not put pressure on organs, including the lung or heart, and symptoms such as shortness of breath are not seen with AIS. ![]() SymptomsĪdolescent idiopathic scoliosis generally does not result in pain or neurologic symptoms. Most likely, there will be many genes associated with scoliosis and each may be helpful in detecting scoliosis and determining the risk for progression of the curve. ![]() Many Scoliosis Research Society members are working to identify the genes that cause AIS, and this knowledge continues to expand at a rapid pace. Approximately 30% of AIS patients have some family history of scoliosis, and therefore there seems to be a genetic connection. There are many theories about the cause of AIS including hormonal imbalance, asymmetric growth, and muscle imbalance. The vast majority of patients are otherwise healthy and have no previous medical history. There are significant efforts being made toward identifying the cause of AIS, but to date there are no well accepted causes for this particular type of scoliosis. Learn more about this topic in the Education Resource Center. Despite this, we currently have accurate methods to determine the risk for curve progression of scoliosis and good methods of treatment. Although significant ongoing research continues in this area, including the genetic basis for AIS, there are no identifiable causes for this condition today. By far the most common type of scoliosis in the adolescent period is one in which the cause is not known and is called idiopathic or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). ![]() People with kyphosis, especially adolescents, may have poor body image from having a rounded back.Scoliosis in patients between 10 and 18 years of age is termed adolescent scoliosis and can be due to many causes. Severe kyphosis can compress the digestive tract, causing problems such as acid reflux and difficulty with swallowing. The spinal curvature can also make it difficult to gaze upward or drive and can cause pain when you lie down. Kyphosis is associated with weakened back muscles and difficulty doing tasks such as walking and getting out of chairs. In addition to causing back pain, kyphosis may cause: Kyphosis in children can also be associated with certain medical conditions, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Spinal bones that don't develop properly before birth can cause kyphosis. Also called Scheuermann's kyphosis, this disease typically begins during the growth spurt that occurs before puberty. With age, these disks flatten and shrink, which often worsens kyphosis. Soft, circular disks act as cushions between spinal vertebrae. Osteoporosis is most common in older women and people who have taken corticosteroids for long periods of time. Weak bones can cause spinal curvature, especially if weakened vertebrae develop compression fractures. Mild compression fractures often don't produce noticeable signs or symptoms. Compression fractures, which can occur in weakened bone, are the most common. Broken vertebrae can result in curvature of the spine. The shape of vertebrae can be changed by: Kyphosis occurs when the vertebrae in the back become more wedge shaped. ![]() The bones (vertebrae) that make up a healthy spine look like cylinders stacked in a column. ![]()
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